摘要
目的
比较踝上内侧撑开截骨术与弧形截骨术治疗内翻型踝关节炎的临床疗效。
方法
回顾性分析2018年3月至2024年3月于上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院骨科行踝上截骨术治疗的24例内翻型踝关节炎患者资料,其中男8例、女16例,年龄(60.0±6.6)岁(范围44~69岁),体质指数(24.3±2.6)kg/m²(范围20.0~31.9 kg/m²);左侧8例、右侧16例。根据截骨方式分为内侧撑开截骨组12例和弧形截骨组12例。采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足评分评价踝关节功能,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估疼痛程度,测量踝关节活动度;影像学评估包括胫骨远端关节面正位角(tibial articular surface angle,TAS)、胫骨远端关节面侧位角(tibial lateral surface angle,TLS)、距骨倾斜角(talar tilt angle,TT)。

结果
所有患者均顺利完成手术并获得随访,随访时间为(30.5±8.0)个月(范围17~50个月)。
1.踝关节功能及疼痛评分:内侧撑开截骨组和弧形截骨组术前AOFAS踝与后足评分分别为(53.3±9.8)分和(51.8±10.2)分,末次随访时增至(84.5±5.6)分和(85.1±6.0)分,手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),末次随访时两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术前VAS评分分别为(7.0±0.8)分和(6.8±1.0)分,末次随访时降至(2.0±0.6)分和(2.1±0.7)分,手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),末次随访时两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
2.踝关节活动度:内侧撑开截骨组和弧形截骨组术前踝关节活动度分别为(32.5±6.7)°和(33.2±7.1)°,末次随访时增至(45.7±5.4)°和(46.3±4.8)°,手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),末次随访时两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
3.影像学指标:内侧撑开截骨组和弧形截骨组术前TAS角分别为(77.5±3.7)°和(78.3±3.9)°,末次随访时增至(89.3±2.6)°和(90.1±2.4)°;术前TLS角分别为(75.2±4.6)°和(76.5±4.8)°,末次随访时增至(82.5±3.8)°和(83.3±3.5)°;术前TT角分别为(6.8±1.9)°和(6.7±2.0)°,末次随访时降至(2.6±1.3)°和(2.5±1.7)°,两组各影像学指标手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),末次随访时两组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
4.并发症:内侧撑开截骨组术后1例出现伤口愈合不良,经换药、抗炎治疗后愈合;1例发生术区神经痛,予以营养神经、抗炎对症治疗后好转。两组无一例出现内固定失效、深部感染及重要神经血管损伤等并发症。
结论
踝上内侧撑开截骨术与弧形截骨术治疗内翻型踝关节炎均可获得满意的早中期功能恢复和影像学改善。
关键词
踝关节;骨关节炎;截骨术
论文《踝上内侧撑开截骨术与弧形截骨术治疗内翻型踝关节炎的疗效比较》发表在《中华骨科杂志》,本文来自网络平台,仅供参考。
Comparison of clinical efficacy between medial opening wedge supramalleolar osteotomy and dome osteotomy in the treatment of varus ankle osteoarthritis
Li Guangyi¹, Yang Jianyi², Gong Ziling¹, Miao Yu¹, Mei Guohua¹, Xue Jianfeng¹, Shi Zhongmin¹, Ma Xin¹
1 Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Guandu People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming 650200, China
Corresponding author: Shi Zhongmin, Email: 18930177323@163.com
Abstract
Objective
To compare the clinical efficacy of medial opening wedge supramalleolar osteotomy (MOW-SMO) and dome osteotomy (DO) for the treatment of varus ankle osteoarthritis.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 24 patients with varus ankle osteoarthritis who underwent supramalleolar osteotomy at the Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, between March 2018 and March 2024. The cohort included 8 males and 16 females, with a mean age of (60.0±6.6) years (range, 44-69 years) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of (24.3±2.6) kg/m² (range, 20.0-31.9 kg/m²). Eight left ankles and sixteen right ankles were included. Patients were divided into the MOW-SMO group (12 patients) and the DO group (12 patients). Ankle function was assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, pain severity was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), and ankle range of motion (ROM) was measured. Radiological parameters included the tibial articular surface (TAS) angle, tibial lateral surface (TLS) angle, and talar tilt (TT) angle.
Results
All patients successfully completed surgery and follow-up, with a mean follow-up duration of (30.5±8.0) months (range, 17-50 months).
1.Ankle function and VAS score: Preoperative AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores for the MOW-SMO and DO groups were (53.3±9.8) and (51.8±10.2) points, respectively, which increased to (84.5±5.6) and (85.1±6.0) points at the final follow-up. The improvement from pre- to post-operation was statistically significant (P<0.05), while the difference between the two groups at final follow-up was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Preoperative VAS scores for the two groups were (7.0±0.8) and (6.8±1.0) points, respectively, which decreased to (2.0±0.6) and (2.1±0.7) points at the final follow-up. The decrease was statistically significant (P<0.05), with no significant intergroup difference at final follow-up (P>0.05).
2.Ankle ROM: Preoperative ankle ROM was (32.5±6.7)° and (33.2±7.1)° for the MOW-SMO and DO groups, respectively, increasing to (45.7±5.4)° and (46.3±4.8)° at final follow-up. The increase in ROM was statistically significant (P<0.05), with no significant intergroup difference at final follow-up (P>0.05).
3.Radiological parameters: Preoperative TAS angles were (77.5±3.7)° (MOW-SMO group) and (78.3±3.9)° (DO group), increasing significantly postoperatively to (89.3±2.6)° and (90.1±2.4)° (P<0.05). Preoperative TLS angles were (75.2±4.6)° (MOW-SMO group) and (76.5±4.8)° (DO group), increasing significantly postoperatively to (82.5±3.8)° and (83.3±3.5)° (P<0.05). Preoperative TT angles were (6.8±1.9)° (MOW-SMO group) and (6.7±2.0)° (DO group), decreasing significantly postoperatively to (2.6±1.3)° and (2.5±1.7)° (P<0.05). Intergroup comparisons of TAS, TLS, and TT angles at final follow-up showed no statistical significance (P>0.05).
4.Complications: In the MOW-SMO group, one patient developed poor wound healing, which healed after dressing changes and anti-inflammatory treatment; one patient experienced regional nerve pain, which improved with neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory treatment. Neither group experienced major complications such as internal fixation failure, deep infection, or major neurovascular injury.
Conclusion
Both MOW-SMO and DO provide satisfactory early to mid-term functional recovery and radiological improvement for the treatment of varus ankle osteoarthritis.
Key words
Ankle joint; Osteoarthritis; Osteotomy
Fund program
Shanghai "Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan" Domestic Science and Technology Cooperation Program (23015820500)
DOI
10.3760/cma.j.cn121113-20250401-00316
引言
内翻型踝关节炎是一种以踝关节软骨进行性退变为特征的疾病,常伴下肢负重轴内移[1]。这种力线异常导致应力分布不均,加速软骨磨损并引起踝关节疼痛和功能受限[2-3]。踝上截骨术(supramalleolar osteotomy, SMO)作为一种保留关节的手术方式,旨在矫正胫骨远端的关节外畸形,从而重新调整下肢机械轴,恢复踝关节应力的平衡;通过将力线向外侧转移,可减轻疼痛、改善功能,并延缓内侧间室骨关节炎的进展[4-5]。
目前已有多种SMO技术被应用于内翻型踝关节炎的治疗[6-7]。其中内侧撑开截骨术主要适用于轻中度内翻畸形,尤其旋转中心位于踝关节近端的患者[8-9],在胫骨内侧行楔形开口截骨以矫正内翻力线,通常需要植骨填充截骨间隙;相比之下,弧形截骨术以弧形截骨线为特征,可实现远端骨块围绕旋转中心的旋转矫正[10-11]。
尽管两种技术均可实现下肢力线的重建及踝关节负荷再分布,但由于截骨方式的固有特性,其生物力学效应与临床结果可能存在一定差异。内侧撑开截骨术使胫骨延长和踝关节力线外移,进而影响关节面匹配度和软组织张力[12];而弧形截骨通过旋转矫正畸形,理论上可使截骨端平移最小化,并避免双下肢不等长,更有利于保留踝关节的运动学特性[13]。分析两种手术方式的差异及早期疗效对内翻型踝关节炎的个体化治疗至关重要。此外,腓骨截骨作为联合手术在两种技术中均具有临床意义[14]。
本研究团队自2008年以来采用内侧撑开截骨术与弧形截骨术治疗内翻型踝关节炎,本研究对这组病例进行回顾性分析。研究目的:(1)比较踝上内侧撑开截骨术与弧形截骨术治疗内翻型踝关节炎的临床疗效;(2)比较两种手术方式术后影像学指标的变化。
资料与方法
一、研究对象
纳入标准
1. 确诊为内翻型踝关节炎,Takakura分期为Ⅱ~Ⅲ期;
2. 胫骨远端关节面正位角(tibial articular surface angle, TAS)<89°;
3. 行内侧撑开截骨术或弧形截骨术治疗。
排除标准
1. 既往有踝关节外伤或手术史;
2. 合并下肢先天性畸形、神经性关节病、风湿性关节炎;
3. 临床资料不全或随访时间<12个月。
二、一般资料
2018年3月至2024年3月于上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院骨科采用踝上截骨治疗的内翻型踝关节炎患者24例,男8例、女16例,年龄(60.0±6.6)岁(范围44~69岁),体质指数(24.3±2.6)kg/m²(范围20.0~31.9 kg/m²),左侧8例、右侧16例。根据截骨方式分为内侧撑开截骨组12例和弧形截骨组12例。两组患者基线资料的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表1)。
本研究为回顾性队列研究,经上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民伦理委员会批准(2020-135),所有患者均知情同意并签署知情同意书。
表1 内侧撑开截骨术与弧形截骨术治疗内翻型踝关节炎患者一般资料的比较
| 组别 | 例数 | 性别(男/女,例) | 年龄(x±s,岁) | 体质指数(x±s,kg/m²) | 病程(x±s,年) | 侧别(左/右,例) | 吸烟史(是/否,例) | 统计量值 | P值 |
|--------------------|------|--------------------|-----------------|-------------------------|-----------------|--------------------|--------------------|----------|--------|
| 内侧撑开截骨组 | 12 | 4/8 | 59.3±6.1 | 24.6±2.8 | 3.5±2.1 | 4/8 | 4/8 | - | - |
| 弧形截骨组 | 12 | 1/11 | 61.6±7.7 | 24.2±2.3 | 2.7±1.7 | 4/8 | 4/8 | - | - |
| - | - | - | t=0.850 | t=0.410 | t=0.170 | 0.688 | 1.000 | 0.400 | 0.131 |
| - | - | - | 0.298 | 1.000 | 1.000 | - | - | - | 0.298 |
注:-,Fisher精确检验
三、手术方法
(一)内侧撑开截骨术
患者全身麻醉,仰卧位。取前内侧纵行切口,长约6~8 cm,充分显露胫骨远端前内侧骨面。术中尽量避免广泛剥离骨膜,减少医源性损伤。置入克氏针作为引导,于内踝尖上方4~5 cm处行内侧截骨,截骨线由内上至外下。使用摆锯截断胫骨内侧、前侧及后侧骨皮质,保留外侧骨皮质作为合页以增强稳定性。通过骨刀或撑开器逐步撑开截骨端以矫正内翻畸形,截骨间隙以自体骨(如髂骨或切除的胫骨骨尖)填充,并通过锁定钢板和螺钉(DePuy Synthes,美国)固定。腓骨截骨线通常位于胫骨截骨水平或近端1~2 cm,截骨后予钢板或螺钉固定(DePuy Synthes,美国),以促进距骨向外侧复位并矫正距骨倾斜。使用“C”型臂X线机透视确认截骨矫形满意。
(二)弧形截骨
患者全身麻醉,仰卧位。取前外侧或前正中切口,长约7 cm,通过胫骨前肌腱和𧿹长伸肌腱之间的间隙显露胫骨远端前方骨面。定位旋转中心,以克氏针或预成型钢板作引导,沿弧形标记线钻多个双皮质孔道,确保贯通后侧皮质。使用窄而薄的骨刀连接孔道,形成弧形截骨面[15]。通常在同一或附加切口内进行腓骨截骨,截骨线设定为胫骨弧形截骨的连续线。完成截骨后,旋转远端骨块以矫正内翻畸形,截骨端予钢板和螺钉固定(DePuy Synthes,美国)。使用“C”型臂X线机确认截骨矫形满意。
(三)合并疾病的处理
若踝关节有明显滑膜增生或骨赘形成,行关节镜下或切开踝关节清理术;若存在骨软骨损伤,行病灶清理,再根据其严重程度,采用微骨折技术或植骨术予以修复;若合并外侧韧带复合体损伤或松弛,清理外侧间隙后行韧带修补术。完成截骨固定后检查后足力线,若存在异常行跟骨截骨术;若踝关节背伸受限行经皮跟腱三点延长术或腓肠肌滑移术。
四、术后处理
术后使用支具固定踝关节于中立位,常规使用抗生素预防感染,术后24 h内非负重状态下开展功能锻炼,包括股四头肌收缩训练和直腿抬高。术后2周拆线,术后6周在踝关节步行靴辅助下部分负重行走,术后影像学检查示截骨端出现骨性融合后开始完全负重。
五、随访及评价指标
于术后6周、3个月、6个月、1年进行门诊随访,评估临床功能、疼痛情况并进行影像学检查,此后视情况每年对患者进行门诊或电话随访。采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足评分评价踝关节功能[16],采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估疼痛程度[17],测量踝关节活动度。
于踝关节负重正位X线片测量TAS角[18]、负重侧位X线测量胫骨远端关节面侧位角(tibial lateral surface angle,TLS)[19]、距骨倾斜角(talar tilt angle,TT)[20]。
六、统计学处理
采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件(IBM,美国)进行统计学分析。计量资料(AOFAS踝与后足评分、VAS评分、TAS角、TLS角、TT角、踝关节活动度)经正态性检验服从正态分布和方差齐性,以x±s表示,手术前后比较采用配对资料t检验,组间比较采用独立样本t检验。Takakura分期改善、术后并发症采用频数(例,%)表示。检验水准α值取双侧0.05。
结果
一、手术一般情况
所有患者均顺利完成手术并获得随访,随访时间为(30.5±8.0)个月(范围17~50个月)。手术时间(114.6±43.8)min(范围60~190 min),术中出血量(137.1±34.9)ml(范围100~200 ml)。12例行关节镜下或切开踝关节清理术、14例行骨软骨病灶清理、微骨折修复或植骨术、17例行外侧副韧带修补术、2例行跟骨截骨术、8例行经皮跟腱三点延长术或腓肠肌滑移术。
二、踝关节功能及VAS评分
内侧撑开截骨组和弧形截骨组术前AOFAS踝与后足评分分别为(53.3±9.8)分和(51.8±10.2)分,末次随访时升至(84.5±5.6)分和(85.1±6.0)分,手术前后的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2),末次随访时两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。
内侧撑开截骨组和弧形截骨组术前踝关节活动度分别为(32.5±6.7)°和(33.2±7.1)°,末次随访时增至(45.7±5.4)°和(46.3±4.8)°,手术前后的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2),末次随访时两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。
内侧撑开截骨组和弧形截骨组术前VAS评分分别为(7.0±0.8)分和(6.8±1.0)分,末次随访时降至(2.0±0.6)分和(2.1±0.7)分,手术前后的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,表2),末次随访时两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表2)。
表2 内侧撑开截骨组与弧形截骨组患者术后踝关节功能与VAS评分的比较(x±s,12例)
| 组别 | AOFAS踝与后足评分(分) | | | | 踝关节活动度(°) | | | | VAS评分(分) | | | |
|--------------------|-------------------------|--------|--------|--------|-------------------|--------|--------|--------|---------------|--------|--------|--------|
| | 术前 | 末次随访 | t值 | P值 | 术前 | 末次随访 | t值 | P值 | 术前 | 末次随访 | t值 | P值 |
| 内侧撑开截骨组 | 53.3±9.8 | 84.5±5.6 | 6.324 | <0.001 | 32.5±6.7 | 45.7±5.4 | 4.894 | <0.001 | 7.0±0.8 | 2.0±0.6 | 5.732 | <0.001 |
| 弧形截骨组 | 51.8±10.2 | 85.1±6.0 | 6.401 | <0.001 | 33.2±7.1 | 46.3±4.8 | 4.976 | <0.001 | 6.8±1.0 | 2.1±0.7 | 5.803 | <0.001 |
| t值 | 0.371 | 0.284 | - | - | 0.267 | 0.184 | - | - | 0.629 | 0.374 | - | - |
| P值 | 0.714 | 0.779 | - | - | 0.792 | 0.855 | - | - | 0.536 | 0.711 | - | - |
注:AOFAS,美国足踝外科协会;VAS,疼痛视觉模拟评分
三、影像学指标
内侧撑开截骨组和弧形截骨组术前TAS角和TLS角分别为(77.5±3.7)°、(75.2±4.6)°和(78.3±3.9)°、(76.5±4.8)°,末次随访时增至(89.3±2.6)°、(82.5±3.8)°和(90.1±2.4)°、(83.3±3.5)°,手术前后的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,表3);末次随访时两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表3)。
内侧撑开截骨组和弧形截骨组术前TT角分别为(6.8±1.9)°和(6.7±2.0)°,末次随访时降至(2.6±1.3)°和(2.5±1.7)°,手术前后的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,表3);末次随访时两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,表3)。
内侧撑开截骨组8例Takakura分期较术前改善,弧形截骨组9例较术前改善,两组踝关节炎改善率的差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.202,P=0.654)。
表3 内侧撑开截骨组与弧形截骨组患者术后影像学指标的比较(x±s,°,12例)
| 组别 | TAS角 | | | | TLS角 | | | | TT角 | | | |
|--------------------|-------|--------|--------|--------|-------|--------|--------|--------|------|--------|--------|--------|
| | 术前 | 末次随访 | t值 | P值 | 术前 | 末次随访 | t值 | P值 | 术前 | 末次随访 | t值 | P值 |
| 内侧撑开截骨组 | 77.5±3.7 | 89.3±2.6 | 5.876 | <0.001 | 75.2±4.6 | 82.5±3.8 | 3.672 | <0.001 | 6.8±1.9 | 2.6±1.3 | 5.732 | <0.001 |
| 弧形截骨组 | 78.3±3.9 | 90.1±2.4 | 6.059 | <0.001 | 76.5±4.8 | 83.8±3.5 | 6.059 | <0.001 | 6.7±2.0 | 2.5±1.7 | 4.271 | <0.001 |
| t值 | 0.528 | 0.289 | - | - | 0.507 | 0.360 | - | - | 0.151 | 0.175 | - | - |
| P值 | 0.603 | 0.774 | - | - | 0.617 | 0.721 | - | - | 0.881 | 0.862 | - | - |
注:TAS,胫骨远端关节面正位角;TLS,胫骨远端关节面侧位角;TT,距骨倾斜角
四、并发症
内侧撑开截骨组1例出现伤口愈合不良,经换药、抗炎治疗后愈合;1例术区神经痛,予营养神经、抗炎对症治疗后好转。两组无一例出现内固定失效、深部感染及重要神经血管损伤等并发症。
讨论
一、踝上内侧撑开截骨术与弧形截骨术的临床疗效比较
本研究结果显示踝上内侧撑开截骨术与弧形截骨术均可缓解疼痛、改善功能、矫正踝关节力线。两组患者临床疗效和影像学改善的差异均无统计学意义。因此,我们认为内侧撑开截骨术与弧形截骨术均是治疗内翻型踝关节炎有效且安全的手术方式。
虽然内侧撑开截骨术是治疗内翻型踝关节炎最常用的手术方法[6],但内翻型踝关节炎截骨方式受旋转中心位置影响[21]。弧形截骨术在旋转中心或其邻近点位实施,理论上可最大程度减少平移、保持双下肢等长[22],当旋转中心邻近踝关节时更具优势。而内侧撑开截骨术更适用于旋转中心位于踝关节近端的患者,以实现可控的成角矫正,但可能会导致继发性踝关节力线外移和双下肢不等长[15,23]。对内翻畸形严重的患者,内侧撑开截骨术需较大的撑开量,存在损伤内侧神经、血管、皮肤等软组织的风险,建议采用弧形截骨术[24]。然而,在对踝关节解剖掌握不足、手术技术不成熟的情况下,使用弧形截骨术会损伤更多软组织,导致术后肿胀严重,康复需求更高。对创伤后关节炎且内侧软组织受损的患者,建议选择闭合楔形截骨术,而非内侧撑开截骨术或弧形截骨术,以保护软组织并减少伤口不愈合或皮肤坏死等并发症[24-25]。
内侧撑开截骨组8例Takakura分期较术前改善,弧形截骨组9例较术前改善,两组改善率的差异无统计学意义,提示两种截骨方式均可缓解踝关节炎进展。内侧撑开截骨组术后1例出现伤口愈合不良,经换药、抗炎治疗后愈合;1例术区神经痛,予营养神经、抗炎对症治疗后好转。两组无一例出现内固定失效、深部感染及重要神经、血管损伤等并发症,说明两组手术方式的安全性较好,与既往研究结果相似[26]。
二、踝上内侧撑开截骨术与弧形截骨术的力学矫正及距骨复位机制
通过充分矫正TAS角、TLS角及TT角以重新分布踝关节负荷,是SMO的核心原则[27-29]。本研究中两组均实现了上述影像学指标的矫正。TT角是评估距骨在冠状面倾斜程度的关键指标,内翻型踝关节炎常伴有TT角增大(距骨倾斜),矫正TT角意味着恢复胫距关节的协调性和匹配度[30-31]。无论是内侧撑开截骨还是弧形截骨,对TT角的改善都主要依赖于胫骨远端力线(TAS角)的矫正,有助于力线的侧向移位和距骨在踝穴内的复位[32]。SMO通过将胫骨远端矫正为中立位或轻度外翻位(增大TAS角),有效减少距骨产生的内侧剪切力,从而使得距骨发生横向外移,这种侧向平移有助于重新分配集中在内侧的压力,并恢复胫距关节的匹配性,从而减小TT角[33]。对TT角较大的患者,单纯的SMO矫正TT角的能力可能不足,通常需要辅助手术来充分矫正TT角。腓骨及其外侧韧带结构可能限制距骨向外侧的复位,联合腓骨截骨可解除这种限制,允许远端骨块更好地侧向平移,从而显著改善TT角[14,34]。另外,进行内侧软组织松解(如三角韧带和胫骨后肌腱)和外侧韧带加强或重建,有助于解除内侧挛缩,进一步促进距骨复位[35-36]。
TLS角主要用于评估胫骨远端关节面在矢状面的倾斜程度,内翻型踝关节炎中TLS角可能减小(前倾不足)[37-38]。内侧撑开截骨术理论上可实现多平面矫正,除了在冠状面撑开以矫正TAS角外,还可通过在矢状面进行一定程度的前方撑开,同时矫正TLS角[38-39];弧形截骨术的主要优势在于通过弧形截骨线实现远端骨块的旋转矫正[6],在一定程度上调整TLS角。
三、研究局限性
本研究尚存在一定局限:(1)单中心回顾性研究,样本量较小;(2)随访时间较短,远期疗效尚不确定;(3)选取的踝关节功能评分指标较为单一,对关节功能的评估不够全面。
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